Follow-up Questions for 2nd Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Follow-up Questions for second Writing - Assignment Example oved from Montgomery to Hampton to search for green fields and for the most part since park had conflicts with King and different leaders of the social liberties development. Parks found another line of work in Hampton as a leader in a lodging and after a brief time they moved again to Michigan (Parks and Reed 2006, 44). Until in 1965, Park worked as a needle worker when the American-African negotiator for U.S, J.Conyers utilized her as a secretary. In 1970, Parks encountered the most exceedingly awful of her live when ailment struck her, her significant other, sibling and mother making her concede gifts from well-wishers (Weidt 2003, 76). Later on Parks was engaged with a fall mishap while she was strolling on a frosty walkway and she was hospitalized with broken bones. It was a major blow when she lost her relatives inside a limited capacity to focus time (Weidt 2003, 81). In 1980 she dedicated herself to establishing and raising funds for public rights and learning affiliations. In 1992 she distributed her autography named Rosa Park-my story which was pointing the young age and there after her diary Quiet Strength and brings up the centrality job her confidence played in her life (Weidt 2003, 84). In 1994, she was assaulted by a medication someone who is addicted a difficulty that damaged her for long. She showed up on the film in 1999 subsequent to taking an interest in a film called Touched by an Angel (Weidt 2003, 91). In 2000 her wellbeing decayed and was nearly removed from her condo when a Baptist church acted the hero because of high amassing of lease obligations (Weidt 2003, 91). She was regarded and gotten numerous honors because of her accomplishments and later passed on October

Answer Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer Questions - Assignment Example In any case, the word â€Å"theatre† additionally obtained diverse implying that was likewise called non-Vitruvian. It showed up when it gets stylish to show exhibitions outside. Subsequently, â€Å"theatre† additionally implied â€Å"performance†, not working, as exhibitions didn't require a development to be appeared in any longer (Anderson 7). The term â€Å"illusionistic point of view background† is utilized by Anderson, when he needs to disclose to perusers Sulpicio’s reference to â€Å"painted scene†. As per the creator, this reference stays dark as it was not acceptable that the venue of this time utilized such foundation (Anderson 5). Agreeing, to Anderson, â€Å"theatres† were temporary in the sixteenth century basically on the grounds that exhibitions were once in a while appeared in uncommon spots for exhibitions, which we call â€Å"theatres† now. Teatro Olimpico remained the main changeless spot, however exhibitions were indicated infrequently even there. On the off chance that a few developments were made, they were disassembled soon. The word â€Å"theater† still was utilized as an equivalent for the word â€Å"performance† and not â€Å"a working for performances†. Additionally, in the sixteenth century it was in vogue to welcome on-screen characters to private houses to see the presentation. Individuals favored exhibitions to be appeared in their homes and didn't for the most part visit theaters (Anderson 16). Anderson doesn't express that â€Å"theatre buildings† were extremely significant for craftsmanship and its turn of events. He expounds on exceptional exhibitions, which were held in fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years and they didn't require any extraordinary structures, they could be held all over the place and this was a genuine craftsmanship. I feel that craftsmanship in a free structure is increasingly lovely and this is an extraordinary workmanship. On-screen characters worked with no extraordinary arrangement, they were truly talented individuals who could begin playing their exhibition at any second with no embellishments and ensembles present day entertainers use. Be that as it may, I concur with

Personality Perspective

Question: Which of the four points of view of character hypothesis do you identify with the most? Why would that be? Answer: Out of the considerable number of viewpoints concerning character, it is the psychodynamic point of view which I for one identify with the most as it depends on the learning hypothesis. In complete difference to the social viewpoint, this point of view attempts to break down character by getting into the leader of the individual with the goal that sense can be made of the encounters and relationship and the methodology that they have towards life all in all (Karagiannopoulou, 2011). This as indicated by me is exceptionally basic as character isn't something that can be placed into a restraint equation of science and is significantly more perplexing and multifaceted (Tasca and Balfour, 2014). Book reference Karagiannopoulou, E. (2011). Returning to learning and instructing in advanced education: A psychodynamic point of view. Psychodynamic Practice, 17(1), 5-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2011.539349 Tasca, G. Balfour, L. (2014). Dietary problems and Attachment: A Contemporary Psychodynamic Perspective. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 42(2), 257-276. https://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2014.42.2.257

Descartes vs Freud Essays

Descartes versus Freud Essays Descartes versus Freud Paper Descartes versus Freud Paper There are numerous ideas that don't at present have certain implications. One of them is the term awareness, and since the early occasions of theory, there isnt a definite clarification of cognizance. As a basic clarification, cognizance implies cap the state of being wakeful and ready to comprehend what's going on. In any case, Descartes and Freud have various recognitions for cognizance. This paper will contend that, as per Freuds concerning the connection of obviousness and cognizant procedure so as to show why it can't be acknowledged by Descartes assessment of awareness. The method of Descartes is to attempt to comprehend things from the perspective of doubt. Descartes attempts to reach to the main rule by questioning everything. As indicated by Descartes this questioning method of coming to the primary guideline must be our technique. This technique gives us to frame an essential truth that different facts depend on it. Why Descartes did pick along these lines? It is on the grounds that that, he accepted that our sense discernment and creative mind can beguile us. He gives the case of dreams. Individuals can't make certain about whether they are conscious or they are dozing. On different words, perhaps the genuine that we live can be a creative mind, or that second, we feel that is genuine, can be a fantasy. Be that as it may, Descartes reach to this essential truth, by coming to thought of the presence. Descartes begins to pose inquiries on information. He asks, What do you know? what's more, his answer is with sureness nothing. On the off chance that the appropriate response is nothing, we recognize what we absence of, and by the technique that we referenced, we can arrive at unquestionable truth. As indicated by Descartes, there is a psyche and body qualification. This differentiation implies that, believing is something else from physical properties. As indicated by Descartes individuals can isolate their contemplations from their bodies, which implies that we can't deny that we know about ourselves. Our considerations have two perspectives. One of them is something, the other is mindfulness. We can clarify this by a model; on the off chance that we are holding a container (something) in our grasp, we realize that it is a jug; we can think about this is a jug (mindfulness). We can question about what something is, on the grounds that as it is referenced, it might a fantasy, not reality. In any case, the subsequent one, mindfulness, thinking about the jug can't be question, since whether an individual is dreaming or alert, that individual can say I think something. Now idea of hesitance rises. At that point by the strategy, Descartes poses the inquiry of what is I. We can't question without existing, we can't be tricked about this. At that point Descartes spans to the point of first rule, which is called cogito. By our strategy, we realize that everything depends on cogito, the main guideline. The other inquiry that Descartes pose is would we say we are sure of ourselves as physical creatures? we become cognizant while are utilizing our brains. Descartes says your idea isn't brought about by recognition; you have the ability to isolate your musings from outside articles. Contemplations are autonomous. As indicated by Descartes when we think, we are progressively mindful of reasoning creatures. Descartes clarifies that with the wax model; wax has a specific shading, smell, weight and shape. In the event that we change its properties, we keep on calling it as a wax. This is a direct result of the things that we are sure, are on the whole alterable, along these lines we can isolate them from the wax. By then augmentation rises. All things have expansions; they need to stretch out in space. We can comprehend this by our brains, since expansion can't be seen. As an end awareness is cogito, we know thing in the premise of this. On the off chance that we attempt to comprehend awareness from the perspective of Freud, we see a few contrasts between Descartes impression of cognizance. Freud believes that Descartes recognition is restricted, however not complete. As per Freud, we can't just depend on experimental outcomes, in view of awareness. It very well may be a type of obstruction, to control our life. In our life we may lie for the most part without knowing, in light of our encounters and some other outer powers. The issue is analysis can be depending on cognizance as a security. The significant thing is to recognize contemplations and sentiments. Depending on Freud, it resembles an ice shelf; it very well may be seen a piece of the chunk of ice, which is at the top, and there is the other enormous part under the see, that can't be seen. Thee seen part is our cognizance, while the shrouded part is our obviousness. Along these lines, first we need to recognize what is cognizance and obviousness. The huge distinction among Descartes and Freud is this obviousness. While Descartes overlooks the obviousness, Freud offers significance to it. To make this more clear, we need to get therapy and obviousness. Analysis is a logical investigation of mind. Structure of mind contains id, personality and superego. Id is acquired with birth, its people groups nature. Sense of self is the outside world and superego is comprised of standards and qualities. There are two senses; life impulses (Eros), passing intuition (Destructive). these are the methods of disclosing obviousness as indicated by Freud. From the perspective of Freud, our primary driver of our practices are a result of mind and our senses that are covered up in our obviousness. The point that Descartes advertisement Freuds contemplations are testing is; as indicated by Descartes, individuals as speculation creatures, we are sure about our awareness, cognizance depends on our insight. Anyway Freud thinks this clarification is right however not adequate enough, since obviousness causes breaks in our awareness, which implies that, w can't comprehend the obviousness from what we know cognizance, with cognizance, we can't utilize its principles to get obviousness. We can't depend on awareness, it might not be right as the obviousness. As an ends, the two logicians attempted to clarify awareness and obviousness with their thoughts; while Descartes specifies that cognizance gives us a conviction, Freud figures awareness can give us a sureness, however doesnt give us self-information truth.

Greece Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greece Police - Essay Example This paper will dissect policing in Greece with an attention on the Hellenic police. The Hellenic Police is an administration organization that was shaped in 1984 with the converging of the Urban Police Forces (Astynomia Poleon) and the Gendarmerie (Chorofylaki) (Hellenic Police 2014). As would for the most part be normal, the office is accused of authorizing peace. Comparable to this, the crucial the police power in Greece is to make sure that harmony wins in the nation and that residents appreciate unhindered social turn of events. Its other strategic to prohibit crooks, forestall wrongdoing, secure the state and guarantee that a law based government supervises the working of the state (Hellenic Police 2014). By and large, the Hellenic police direct capacity identified with general policing and traffic wellbeing in accordance with the specifies of the constitution. The police power falls inside the of the Ministry of Interior. In this regard, the Ministry coordinates plans screens and directs the exercises of the police power as verified by the Hellenic Police (201 4). Figure 1 shows the logo of the Hellenic Police Force. Individuals from the police power are prepared in accordance with an educational program endorsed by the Ministry of Interior. In light of the preparation and the capacities that they are commanded to perform, individuals from the police power in numerous events need to hold up under with dangers as they attempt to forestall wrongdoing and take care of the public’s requests in various circumstances. The power ordinarily depends on cutting edge preparing, innovation, and collaboration with different bodies to manage circumstances that they regularly face (Interpol 2014; Hellenic Police 2014).â

How Does Your Top Choice Med School Rank in Accepted’s Selectivity Index

We just updated our Medical School Selectivity Index which provides you with the latest average acceptance rates, average MCAT scores, and average GPA for different medical schools based on U.S. News and MSAR data. The highest, hardest, and lowest in the Med School Selectivity Index: The Mayo Clinic is the hardest medical school to get into. It combines one of the lowest acceptance rates with very high medians for MCAT and GPA. It is closely followed by Harvard, UPenn, and NYU. University of Arizona (Tucson) has the lowest acceptance rate of any medical school (at 1.9%). This is followed by UCLA and Mayo Clinic (tied with a 2.1% acceptance rate). NYU has the highest median MCAT at a stratospheric 522. Four schools follow with a 521 median MCAT – Washington University in St. Louis, Yale, Chicago Pritzker, and UPenn. Johns Hopkins has the highest average GPA (3.94) for accepted medical students. Harvard and NYU follow closely behind at 3.93. Eleven med schools have a median undergrad GPA for accepted students of 3.9+. While it’s interesting to see the schools with highest stats or the most selective programs, don’t forget to look at the numbers that are in the same range as your stats for guidance on where to apply to medical school. This data can help you apply thoughtfully, purposefully, and successfully. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '8b5e6aed-48d8-4c4f-81db-3a8c0026caaa', {}); Med school applications are expensive! Between primary and secondary application fees, you will spend hundreds of dollars just to apply through AMCAS. If you apply to 20 programs you face approximately $3000 in primary secondary application fees alone. The cost of applying to medical schools is slightly higher when applying through AACOMAS. You want to maximize your chances of acceptance and make the most of the financial investment required by the application process. You need to apply mostly to schools that will consider your application seriously. Otherwise, you’re wasting your time and money. Yes, you can apply to one or two dream schools, but for most of your applications, you need to apply realistically. What about holistic admissions to medical school? You may be thinking: Isn’t the medical school admissions process holistic? Why all the focus on GPA and MCAT? You’re right. Medical school admission is not exclusively about your GPA and MCAT score. Schools also evaluate important qualitative aspects of your profile: community service, clinical exposure, research, leadership, shared values, personal background, and goals. Furthermore, the stats can’t reveal the impact of the schools’ attempts to diversify the physician-in-training pipeline. The Selectivity Index doesn’t reflect the impact of those qualitative factors, but it doesn’t provide you with usable data that you need to weigh as you apply. Those average GPA and MCAT numbers don’t happen by accident. They are not random. Schools are purposeful in selecting whom to interview and admit. And the MCAT score and GPA play a role. What about in-state and out-of-state differences? Good question. The acceptance rates in the Selectivity Index give the overall acceptance rate and do not reflect what can be whopping differences between in-state and out-of-state acceptance rates. For example, the University of Washington has a 21.2% in-state acceptance rate, but only a 0.6% out-of-state acceptance rate. If you are not a resident of Washington or one of the states with which it has a reciprocity agreement, you should think twice about investing in an application to UW. In contrast, Washington University of St. Louis, a private university, accepts 8.9% of in-state applicants and 10.6% of out-of-state residents. However, its median MCAT is 521 and its median GPA is 3.91. It may be more welcoming to out-of-state applicants, but it clearly weighs the stats. (Data from MSAR and U.S. News) We have compiled a table showing in-state and out-of state medical school acceptance rates for the schools in MSAR. Check out that data before you apply. Again, maximizing your chances of acceptance is the goal here. You definitely should be aware of these differences when you apply. They are critical to a strategic approach to medical school applications. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '8b5e6aed-48d8-4c4f-81db-3a8c0026caaa', {}); Learn how an admissions consultant can help you get into medical school The medical school application process is emotionally and financially draining, and competition is fierce. The acceptance rate for many med schools is under 10%, with an overall acceptance rate for all MD and DO programs of well under 50%. If you want to do it once (or only once more if you are a reapplicant), you need to be thoughtful, strategic, and purposeful when you choose where to apply. And an admissions consultant can help dramatically. When you work one-on-one with an expert (and objective) admissions advisor, one with decades of experience guiding applicants just like you to acceptance at top medical schools, you position yourself for success. Explore our Medical School Admissions Consulting services, choose the best med programs to apply to, and then submit a stellar app that will get you ACCEPTED. And don’t forget to include the Med School Selectivity Index as one tool in your toolkit as you make your decisions. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Application Maze, a free guide †¢ 5 Questions to Help You Decide Where to Apply to Med School †¢ Medical School Acceptance Rates: In-State vs. Out-of-State How Does Your Top Choice Med School Rank in Accepted’s Selectivity Index We just updated our Medical School Selectivity Index which provides you with the latest average acceptance rates, average MCAT scores, and average GPA for different medical schools based on U.S. News and MSAR data. The highest, hardest, and lowest in the Med School Selectivity Index: The Mayo Clinic is the hardest medical school to get into. It combines one of the lowest acceptance rates with very high medians for MCAT and GPA. It is closely followed by Harvard, UPenn, and NYU. University of Arizona (Tucson) has the lowest acceptance rate of any medical school (at 1.9%). This is followed by UCLA and Mayo Clinic (tied with a 2.1% acceptance rate). NYU has the highest median MCAT at a stratospheric 522. Four schools follow with a 521 median MCAT – Washington University in St. Louis, Yale, Chicago Pritzker, and UPenn. Johns Hopkins has the highest average GPA (3.94) for accepted medical students. Harvard and NYU follow closely behind at 3.93. Eleven med schools have a median undergrad GPA for accepted students of 3.9+. While it’s interesting to see the schools with highest stats or the most selective programs, don’t forget to look at the numbers that are in the same range as your stats for guidance on where to apply to medical school. This data can help you apply thoughtfully, purposefully, and successfully. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '8b5e6aed-48d8-4c4f-81db-3a8c0026caaa', {}); Med school applications are expensive! Between primary and secondary application fees, you will spend hundreds of dollars just to apply through AMCAS. If you apply to 20 programs you face approximately $3000 in primary secondary application fees alone. The cost of applying to medical schools is slightly higher when applying through AACOMAS. You want to maximize your chances of acceptance and make the most of the financial investment required by the application process. You need to apply mostly to schools that will consider your application seriously. Otherwise, you’re wasting your time and money. Yes, you can apply to one or two dream schools, but for most of your applications, you need to apply realistically. What about holistic admissions to medical school? You may be thinking: Isn’t the medical school admissions process holistic? Why all the focus on GPA and MCAT? You’re right. Medical school admission is not exclusively about your GPA and MCAT score. Schools also evaluate important qualitative aspects of your profile: community service, clinical exposure, research, leadership, shared values, personal background, and goals. Furthermore, the stats can’t reveal the impact of the schools’ attempts to diversify the physician-in-training pipeline. The Selectivity Index doesn’t reflect the impact of those qualitative factors, but it doesn’t provide you with usable data that you need to weigh as you apply. Those average GPA and MCAT numbers don’t happen by accident. They are not random. Schools are purposeful in selecting whom to interview and admit. And the MCAT score and GPA play a role. What about in-state and out-of-state differences? Good question. The acceptance rates in the Selectivity Index give the overall acceptance rate and do not reflect what can be whopping differences between in-state and out-of-state acceptance rates. For example, the University of Washington has a 21.2% in-state acceptance rate, but only a 0.6% out-of-state acceptance rate. If you are not a resident of Washington or one of the states with which it has a reciprocity agreement, you should think twice about investing in an application to UW. In contrast, Washington University of St. Louis, a private university, accepts 8.9% of in-state applicants and 10.6% of out-of-state residents. However, its median MCAT is 521 and its median GPA is 3.91. It may be more welcoming to out-of-state applicants, but it clearly weighs the stats. (Data from MSAR and U.S. News) We have compiled a table showing in-state and out-of state medical school acceptance rates for the schools in MSAR. Check out that data before you apply. Again, maximizing your chances of acceptance is the goal here. You definitely should be aware of these differences when you apply. They are critical to a strategic approach to medical school applications. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '8b5e6aed-48d8-4c4f-81db-3a8c0026caaa', {}); Learn how an admissions consultant can help you get into medical school The medical school application process is emotionally and financially draining, and competition is fierce. The acceptance rate for many med schools is under 10%, with an overall acceptance rate for all MD and DO programs of well under 50%. If you want to do it once (or only once more if you are a reapplicant), you need to be thoughtful, strategic, and purposeful when you choose where to apply. And an admissions consultant can help dramatically. When you work one-on-one with an expert (and objective) admissions advisor, one with decades of experience guiding applicants just like you to acceptance at top medical schools, you position yourself for success. Explore our Medical School Admissions Consulting services, choose the best med programs to apply to, and then submit a stellar app that will get you ACCEPTED. And don’t forget to include the Med School Selectivity Index as one tool in your toolkit as you make your decisions. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Application Maze, a free guide †¢ 5 Questions to Help You Decide Where to Apply to Med School †¢ Medical School Acceptance Rates: In-State vs. Out-of-State

IFRS Plan in Saudi Arabia Essay - 275 Words

IFRS Plan in Saudi Arabia (Essay Sample) Content: IFRS IN KSANameInstitutional AffiliationIntroductionGlobalization has lead to the importance of converging the world's economy. The efforts to harmonize the accounting standards used in many financial markets have intensified. International Accounting Standards (IASB) has been at the forefront to implement these changes CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015). The IFRS have been adopted both the developed and underdeveloped economies. In the year 2009, Saudi Arabia became part of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governance (G20) CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015). This has lead to the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Saudi. The following is a research plan on the adoption of IFRS in Saudi and its implicationsIFRS Plan in Saudi ArabiaIn the present, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SMA) requires all the banks and insurance companies to use the IFRS CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015). The listed and unlisted companies follow the Saudi Organization for Certified Accountants (SOCPA) accounting standards CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015). In July, 2013 the plan to converge IFRS and SCOPA was approved CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015). Under this scheme, all the listed companies would start using it by 1st January 2017.The other entities would be required to implement them by 1st January 2018 CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015).The project for transition began in 2012 and is expected to come into completion by the year 2017 CITATION DRM15 \l 1033 (Nurunnabi, 2015).The objectives of this research are: * To investigate the changes that will happen to the current standards * To examine how the IFRS will be changed to converge wit...

The unfair portrayal of islam in western media Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The unfair portrayal of Islam in the West Ever since the 9/11 attacks this world has been a completely different place for the Muslims. It is so ironical that after these events the concept of Islam has completely transformed in the minds of the western community. Muslims all over the world are now seen with contempt and hatred by the western community. This is more like a generalization about the whole western world but to some extent it is true. Some important questions arise as to who is responsible for this drastic transformation? Why has such a change taken place? Why does West feel threatened by Islam? For how long this war between West and Islam will continue? What can be done to change the image of Islam in the minds of the western community? For decades there has been a social war between the west and Islam. Their concepts and culture differ from the very beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on The unfair portrayal of islam in western media or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now There has always been a very well defined boundary between both the worlds. One cannot ignore the fact that power of the whole world lies in the hands of the West. The West sees Islam as a conservative religion and considers the followers of this religion as narrow-minded beings. Muslims all over the world are being discriminated and in some places it is even seen that they are humiliated. But this is more like digging into the past and gaining evidence on the basis of social sciences. The present scenario of the world is more important to answer the above mentioned questions (Shadid & Koningsveld 2002). It all started when the world was shaken by the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre. According to the investigation reports it was found that the people responsible for these attacks were Muslims. This was the first time when the whole world came to know about Taliban and Al-Qaeda. These are Muslim groups that are believed to be the backbone of all terrorist activities going on in the present world. In the last decade this world has faced the most ominous terrorism events. A list of examples can be quoted where the West has linked Muslims to terrorism in the present day. London Bombings and Mumbai Bombings are a great example of such events. After the 9/11 attacks, London also fell as a victim to the terrorist activity. On July7, 2005 London’s transportation system was hit by deadly explosions. Three bombs exploded in the underground tubes and one explosion took place in a double Decker bus. Together these four suicide bombings took away the lives of fifty-six innocent p eople and left more than seven hundred and fifty injured.

The Cold War - 2069 Words

My research question is aimed at showing how the cold war led to establishment of supranational institutions and how realism as a level of analysis failed to predict the events that led to the end of the cold war? How the Cold War Led To Supranational Influences From the beginning of the Cold War there have been many tensions between the East and West superpowers. The proposal of the Marshal Plan of June 1947 put the integration of Europe on the map for international relations. The creators of the plan were afraid of the spread of the communist ideology to other outside Europeans outside the communist circle. It is in this way of thinking that the grand Domino Theory was established for the basis for the west to be involved in the†¦show more content†¦(Schwabe, 2001, p. 18) This policy was essentially the containment of communism spreading amongst Europe and the containment of a possible German rearmament in the future as means to appease the European community in America’s commitment to the integration of Europe. In support of this idea the Supranational structures of Europe were not very supportive and too much of the disappointment of the State Department planners in Europe. European cooperation leaned more towards intergo vernmental lines. This and the reluctance of Great Britain created a barrier for the supranationally unified Europe (Schwabe, 2001, p. 27) It is for this reason that under Kenann’s influence Dean Acheson preferred to have France as the leader for European Integration and not Great Britain. The continuing fear of Pro-Soviet West Germany pushed the State Department to vehemently support European integration which would as they thought â€Å"harness† a revived West Germany to the West. This was a well-known argument in the 1960’s in favor of supranational European integration as means to deploy the idea of â€Å"double containment†. (Schwabe, 2001, p. 30) In the west the scrambling for more or less independent nuclear deterrents did not fail to influence the attempts at European integration and thus the European Defense Community (EDC) was seen as the solve all and end all that would guarantee that the idea of double containment of

Empowerment in the Workplace - 3358 Words

Introduction I am actually going to look at two areas, Empowerment in combination with Delegation. Not only do I think I can improve in these areas but it will also improve the well being of my employees. I want people to feel about work how I did a few years back. You learnt and contributed as much as you could. You did not ‘clock watch and you were eager and hungry for more work I believe I was an empowered employee. The long hours I have been working has lead me to believe I need to empower my employees and also delegate successfully to them. When I actually go on holiday I find myself at work very late trying to ‘tidy up so I can go with a clear conscious. I find myself sharing more information in the day before I go on†¦show more content†¦Basically the mission statement is trying to raise my awareness and skill in the area of empowerment, being more conscious of the techniques used and needed to raise employee empowerment. When preparing the mission statement it was interesting to take note of the following: Both management and employees interpret empowerment from their own viewpoints to suit their own needs and build up expectations of what the programme will bring. For management, empowerment promises a more committed and involved workforce who are willing to take responsibility at lower levels. Whilst for employees, empowerment pledges autonomy and the ability to move to a more equitable position within their organization. The failure of these expectations to share similar intentions or goals means that the psychological contract between management and worker could fail, promoting feelings of is trust on both sides (Hill Huq, 2004) So when developing this mission statement I need to account not only management s perspective but the alternate view of the employee s perspective. Personal Mission Statement My name is x and my mission is to empower my employees. I want the individuals to become a team. 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According to Ba (2015), a recent change in management style has led to the empowerment of employees in the workplace creating a situation where empowering followers is an assumed responsibility of all leaders and thought to be a motivationalRead MoreWomen in the Workplace: Work Life Balance and Equal Opportunity to Enhance Women Empowerment2973 Words   |  12 PagesLiterature Review Women in the Workplace: Work Life Balance and Equal Opportunity to Enhance Women Empowerment By Asih Budiati Swiss German University, Batch 19 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY More and more women now perceive employment and career paths are critically important to them and that parenting as an option is currently unattractive since they feel that parenting is incompatible with their career. 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Should Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized - 932 Words

The subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to flip its war on drugs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatly criticized because people believed that decriminalizing drugs would not solve Portugal’s problem. They believed that the country would fall into the abyss of increased drug usage, criminals, and corruption. Actually, none of that has happened, and 15 years later, the country is doing much better than it has before, especially in terms of usage rate and health (Aleem). I believe the United States should decriminalize drugs just like how Portugal did because decriminalizing drugs can actually reduce drug use and its consequences, improve public safety and health, and can make a positive economic impact. In the United States, using drugs come with very harsh consequences. These consequences include addiction, jail time, and drug related deaths. These same consequences can be seen in Portugal before their drug decriminalization, but have reduced immensely after 2001. When we think about drugs, we think about children and teens succumbing into peer pressure to use drugs. WhileShow MoreRelatedShould the drug marijuana, that most try to not be associated with, be legalized? Or should it be500 Words   |  2 PagesShould the drug marijuana, that most try to not be associated with, be legalized? Or should it be legalized for prescribed for those individuals who suffer serious or chronic medical illnesses such a cancer or arthritis? 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Marijuana shouldRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words   |  4 Pageson Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has still not been Read MoreEssay about Should Marijuana Be Legalized in the United States?1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of legalizing recreational marijuana in the United States has been a very controversial one. States such as Colorado and Washington have gone on the offensive and have legalized recreational marijuana and have enjoyed the high revenues brought in from cannabis sale. On the other hand other states have kept low profiles because they are wary of the possible negative outcomes of legalizing recreational marijuana and are using the states of Colorado and Washington as guinea pigs to see whatRead MoreWhy Not Legalize Marijuana? Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana should be legalized for both recreational and medicinal use because the US economy can reap significant benefits from legalization as well as create an influx of jobs and also to reduce street and gang disputes relating to marijuana. Also, mari juana should be legalized because it has been dealt an unfair hand by society and is justifiably safer than most know it to be. First, marijuana should be legalized in the US for both recreational and medicinal purposes because there is a very substantial

Multicultural Counseling Traditions and Expressions

Question: Discuss about the Multicultural Counselingfor Traditions and Expressions. Answer: Introduction Culture is conventions, standards, traditions, expressions, history, and qualities shared in a society. In the first place, understanding society helps us to know how others decipher their condition. We understand that culture shapes how people see their world and how they function. Culture shapes individual and relating qualities and attitudes, including insight's about what works and what doesn't work, what is helpful and what is not, what looks good and what does not. In understanding a general public we ought to maintain a strategic distance from slant that can undermine them. It propels positive characteristics of a particular assembling and mirrors a valuation for social differences. Finally, it expect a section in the change of prosperity and human organization transport program. Culture makes us human cultures depending on the profession, educational, nationality, religious or spiritual beliefs, sexuality, generational, family and gender. Culture influence our daily ways of d oing things how we carry our work, behavior and style, use of language, how we solve conflicts challenges and problems, negotiations and relationship creating (Axelson 1993).. Multicultural exhorting is the thing that happens when a specialist control works with a customer from another party and how that may impact coordinated efforts that happen inside the coordinating relationship either being spiritualism and most significant feeling of being, sexual presentation, sex, age and improvement, budgetary class, family history, and even geographic zone. The underlying stage in convincing multicultural managing is to recognize and perceive the differentiations between the professional and customer. Before carrying out interactions with people from different cultures, you need to enquire in some things to avoid hurting them emotionally or bringing up chaos. Learning what not to what to say and what not to, their likes and dislikes instinctive societies will talk at different volumes, be pretty much direct in demonstrating their feelings, they might hope to take part in less talking. When speaking with individuals from different societies, be set up to experienc e such contrasts, including ones that you didn't know. About the culture of the people you are about to interact with by asking or getting information from the relevant sources what to do and When communicating with a different culture, there may be unwritten rules about the culture. Example, you may originate from a culture where men and ladies are relied upon to connect similarly with each other. Correspondingly, you might speak with somebody who expects that a more youthful individual ought to give a more established individual a chance to do the talking the more youthful to tune in and talk lesser, while you trust individuals crosswise over age gatherings to convey similarly. At the point when you do not comprehend somebody, or surmise that he or she didn't have any acquaintance with you, you say something in regards to it. Abstain from being inconsiderate or hostile, clarify the issue. It is normally preferred to be precious stone over releasing an issue in correspondence strip ped, to prevent huge problems later. You may use words like come up again or ask whether you are paging the same way. Speaking should be slowly and clearly avoiding random shouting, using formal language avoiding your foreign language, using correct non-verbal actions maintaining proper eye contact (Gladding, 2012). Enhancing Multicultural Counseling To enhance multicultural counseling one has to have personal strengths. Example, inviting critique from people and accepting it openly even though receiving review 's hard and significantly more hard to request and recognize input freely. One ought to start welcoming investigate and expressing gratitude toward partners for offering it; peers empower you to be reasonable and sensible evaluator (Ivey, Zalaquett, 2013). Perceive that Partners' Character The appraisal may not be appreciated but of any gathering or affiliation, and evaluators may have little control over how people experience or decipher their objectives. Building coalitions with evaluators who differ in race, ethnicity, sexual presentation, gender, or spiritualism. Commentators help to decide the legitimacy, worth, and viability of projects and arrangements that influence multicultural populaces. Along these lines, examiners can change the lives of others. Multicultural ability is about what is yet to be found right now; it is logically particular, investigate diverse individuals on numerous measurements and in better places; this is training. Partners who give off an impression of being intentionally uncooperative might be simply responding to your non-verbal communication, administration style, and history from past assessments, or different variables. Looking at your strategies, investigating your procedure will make you more acquainted with an assortment of systems, along these lines improving your capacity to recognize, identify, and control estimation inclination in testing and other appraisal instruments. Limitations to multiculturalism are oppression to rights to express views and values, freedom of tolerance and equality, rights to nat ional language, gender and right to express one's culture (Lee, 2014). Firmly held Beliefs Everyone I meet is the closest companion I don't know yet. The truth is we're altogether associated; we're all from a similar human family. We're all bodies conceived from stars that bite the dust and come back to the earth. At regular intervals is the most essential of my life. You can let this day, this minute, be fresh out of the plastic new, or you can flounder in the past and stress over the future. You can make today a gift and a blessing, or you can misuse it. When you go about as though today is an unfathomable chance to love completely and give your endowments profoundly, new universes will start to open that you didn't know could exist. By serving myself in the first place, I can better serve the world. The more you deal with yourself, the more noteworthy you grow your ability for helping others. It's as basic as that. And at any rate, if you trust that the world is you then by not serving yourself, you're harming the world. Is that what you need? Is that the sort of case y ou need to set? Helping yourself isn't egotistical; it's one of the most profound indications of watching over others you can appear (Zunker, 2002). Attitudes and Values Influence your Vehavior Towards Others. Manners either good or bad, old fashioned or trending may change mood depending on the perceptive of the other person. Pride measures the value of humility in a person or even things one is proud of being it activities or ownership. Clothes, this depends on the activity either formal or informal and lastly family life, the way of interaction with the people around you which makes you become who you are (Robinson Bradley 2005). In conclusion, culture makes us human cultures depending on the profession, educational, nationality, religious or spiritual beliefs, sexuality, generational, family and gender. Before carrying out interactions with people from different cultures, you need to enquire in some things to avoid hurting them emotionally or bringing up chaos. Multicultural skill is what is yet to be found right now; it is logically particular, investigate diverse individuals on various measurements and in better places; this is training. We should respect other people's culture to promote a peaceful coexistence with others in the community. References Ivey, A., Ivey, M., Zalaquett, C. (2013). Intentional interviewing and counselling: Facilitating client development in a multicultural society. Nelson Education. Lee, C. C. (Ed.). (2014). Multicultural issues in counselling: New approaches to diversity. John Wiley Sons. Gladding, S. T. (2012). Counselling: A comprehensive profession. Pearson Higher Ed. Zunker, V. G. (2002). Career counselling: Applied concepts of life planning. Wadsworth Publishing Company. Nelson-Jones, R. (2002). Diverse goals for multicultural counselling and therapy.Counselling Psychology Quarterly,15(2), 133-143. Collins, S., Arthur, N. (2007). A Framework for Enhancing Multicultural Counselling Competence.Canadian Journal of Counselling,41(1), 31-49. Axelson, J. A. (1993).Counseling and development in a multicultural society. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. Robinson, B., Bradley, L. (2005). Multicultural Counselling: Research on Perceptions of School Counsellors.Guidance Counselling,21(1), 30-35.

Effect of Information Technology free essay sample

EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION IN NIGERIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. By ERNEST E. INYANG, A. D. O. OTONKUE AND JUDE U. BASSEY ABSTRACT Information technology may be considered to be the harnessing of electronic technology in its various forms to improve the operations and profitability of the business as a whole. Information Technology provides significant improvements with facilities such as word processing (improving secretarial, typing and some reprographic services) communication facilities in the form of electronic mail, databases in relation to filing and data retrieval. Such advances improves business efficiency eliminating unnecessary delays in communication between different parts of the organization and dealing with routine filing and correspondence. KEY WORD: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION INTRODUCTION This research is the lack of investigation on the effects of information technology in delivering service to customers, especially in the financial services sector. Hence, this research work hinges on the effect of an information technology enabled electronic delivery channel on overall customer satisfaction. This is the assumption that higher customer satisfaction leads to sustainable revenue growth and profitability. This claims is based on the arguments provided in Heskett etal (1997) that profit and growth are estimated primarily by customer loyalty and loyalty is a direct result of customer satisfaction. This research work is undertaken with a view to finding out whether good performance of Nigerian financial institutions is largely due to implementation of information technology and also to improve upon the existing marketing activities of Nigerian financial institutions, so as to ave high customers’ satisfaction. For the purpose of this study the hypothesis tested is: Ho:Information Technology has no positive impact on customers’ satisfaction in Nigerian financial institution. Hi:Information Technology has positive impact on customers’ satisfaction in Nigerian financial institutions. This research work is significant in the sense that it would help to identify ways of improving the services of Nigerian financial institutions. It may also serve as a basis on which future research on information technology and customer satisfaction may be based. REVIEW OF SOME RELATION LITERATURE According to Kinshnan etal (1999), financial service companies have products such as current and servings accounts and in some cases may also offer insurance policies. An interesting aspect of financial service companies is that they do not fully fit into the mould of full service industries that offer tangible products and full service industries. The notion of quality in financial service firms is quite different from that in manufacturing companies. The nature of the financial service industry is such that its products are mostly intangible for instance, in an investment company, the product delivered is not the stock certificate, but the investment it represents, as well as the peripheral services such as online account services and accurate periodic reports. Since customers do not view the actual product as a full product, the service accompanying the product is very important in consequence, in modeling overall customer satisfaction for financial service companies, it is important to include both product and service attributes. Prior research has identified specific attributes to quality that are linked to customer satisfaction in both manufacturing and service industries (Garvin 1988, Zeithamal etal, 1990). Research on service quality has generally investigated the quality attributes of certain service encounters (Zeithamal etal, 1990). There is a paucity of research and guidance in understanding the drivers of overall customer satisfaction at the firm level. This is true especially for multi-channel firms that are increasingly becoming the norm in the financial services sector Frei (etal, 1995). Roth and Jackson (1995), in one of the few rigorous empirical studies on the financial service industry identified the determinants of service quality in the banking industry. The analysis indicated that the quality of customer interface positively influences service quality. However, the study used a composite measure for the quality of customer interface that includes various factors such as responsiveness to customer inquiries, accuracy of account statements, timeliness of mailing account statements, customer complaints and processing errors. According to Kinshnan etal (1999), in the financial services business, the notion of customer interface is multifaceted and may vary, depending upon the channel of service delivery. While all the service encounters mostly involve the customer in one way or the other the nature of personal interactions with customers at branches differs from that of IT enabled automated delivery channels. There is a need for a deeper understanding of this distinction for firms to leverage overall customer satisfaction. Different components of the customer interface may have varying impacts on satisfaction across the customer population. METHODOLOGY The various information generated in the course of this research were obtained through participatory observations of twenty–four selected financial institutions and through questionnaires administered to the management and the customers of the selected financial institutions. The set of questions asked from the respondents were such that will elicit more information concerning the institutions internal operation especially in relation to customers’ satisfaction with the operations of the institutions. In the course of this research work, a good number of respondents randomly selected were interviewed. The information targeted by the research work include the following: a. Sourcing of the institutions information technology equipment such as the computer systems and the peripherals. b. Effectiveness of the institution’s channels of distribution. c. Satisfaction of the customers in the operations of the financial institution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation coefficient are used to analyze the data. Analysis of variance technique makes use of the F-formula and drastically reduces computational labour involved in many samples. The ANOVA procedure is based on the mathematical theory that the independent sample data can be made to yield two independent estimates of the population variance, namely, within group variance estimate and between group variance estimate. The ANOVA formula for the computed F–ratio is: F = MSSB/MSSW at a = 0. 05 and n – 1, m-1 degrees of freedom. Where: MSSB is the mean squares of between groups MSSW is the mean squares of within groups Decision rule:- If the calculated F – value is less than the tabulated (critical) value then HO is accepted. And if the calculated value then the difference is significant and H0 is rejected. The surveyed customers were given a list of fire effects on lickert rating as follows:- 1. Very good 4 points 2. Good3 points 3. Average or fair2 points 4. Poor or Bad1 p0int 5. No Answer0 point Six factors were considered in the analysis. These are: a. Quality of computerization. (QCOMPUT) b. Quality of institutions services vis- a – vis the use of computing facilities (QSVC). C. Impact of Information Technology on customers satisfaction (ITIMPACT). d. Level of computerization (IT LEVEL). e. Effects of computerization on customers’ waiting time (WAITIME). f. Overall customers’ satisfaction with financial institutions services (OSATIS). DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS DATA ANALYSIS The averaged responses from the selected financial institutions on the factors are as shown in Table 1 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The ANOVA table analyses the variability of the customers’ satisfaction. The F – column displays the ratio of the mean square for the regression to the mean square error of the residuals. This is called the F – ratio. A large value shows that the regression may be statically significant. The ratio is approximately 14. 52. This shows that the result is statistically significant. The correlation coefficient expresses the strength of the relationship on a search ranging from -1 to +1. a positive value close to +1 indicates a strong positive relationship in which an increase in one variable implies an increase in the value of the second variable. A negative correlation indicates that an increase in the first variable signals a decrease in the second variable. From the correlation Table 1, there is a positive correlation between the level of information technology (column 6) and overall customer satisfaction (column 4). In terms of Hypothesis Testing, the will hypothesis â€Å"there is no positive relationship between level of Information Technology and overall customer satisfaction is rejected. Hence, the level of information technology has a positive impact on customer’s satisfaction in Nigerian financial institutions. The results obtained from the response show that the introductions of computing facilities was greatly improved the services of financial institutions. There was 10% response for effect of IT on reduced waiting time. For quality of service vis–a–vis computerization there were 70. % responses for High Quality, 25% for Good Quality and 4. 2% for No Answer. This shows that the Quality of financial services with respect to computerization is High with respect to Quality of computerization there were 50% responses for High Quality, 45. 8% for Good Quality and 4. 2% for Average. This shows that the Quality of computerization ranges between High Quality and Good Quali ty not all the financial institutions have attained High Quality of computerization. Based on the level of Information Technology implementation, there were 20. 8% responses for High level, 75. % for Average level and 4. 2% for No answer. The figures show that the financial institutions have just attained the average level of Information Technology Implementation on the impact of Information Technology on customers’ satisfaction, there were 100% responses for positive impact. This shows that Information Technology has positive impact on customer’s satisfaction in financial institutions. It is also discovered that all the financial institutions considered responded that their areas of computer applications are word processing, payroll processing and communications. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The world is dynamic. Also, the nature of needs and wants of the generality of consumers keep on changing. It goes without saying that any organization intending to maintain a good level of profitability and improved performance has to be duly prepared for all these changes and cope favorably with them. This calls for effective implementation of appropriate information technology to accommodate these changes with minimum stress. Though it is recognized that Information Technology would certainly cost a lot of capital, it would be a good and productive investment. Computers and telecommunication systems have become very important as delivery system and productivity tools of electronic data and information. Nigeria financial institutions have now realized that financial services to day require prompt delivery of services, efficiency and the ability of customers to be served in any of their branches in any part of the country, without any encumbrances. As a result of these, financial institutions are embarking on the use of computer applications software, internet facilities that can help them to provide efficient, comprehensive and nationwide services to their customers. And these have resulted in an overwhelming customers satisfaction. To function effectively and competitively, the financial institutions should: a. Lay emphasis and rely heavily on Information Technology b. Introduce a sound quality management programme that would ensure that Information Technology implementation Products meet the requirements of Nigerians. c. Create an awareness of IT opportunities into the business planning process. REFERENCES Berk K. N. Carey P. (2000). â€Å"Data Analysis with Microsoft Excel. † USA: Duxbury Thomas Learning Centre. Bowen, J. W Hedges, R. B. (1993). â€Å"Increasing service quality in Retail Banking. † Retail Banking Journal 15(3). pp. 21, 28. Fornel C. , Ryan, M. J. West Brook R. A. (1999). â€Å"Customer satisfaction: The key to Retention MOBIBUS† 9(3), pp 14-18. Grifell–Tatje, E. Lovell, CAK (1999): â€Å"Profits and Productivity†, Management Science, vol 45, No 9 Sept. 1999, pp. 1177 – 1193. Harker, P. T. Zenious (1999) â€Å"Performance of Financial Institutions†. Management Science vol. 45, No. 9 Sept. 1999. Krishna K. (2009): â€Å"Trade Investment and Growth†. Nexus, analysis and prognosis. Roth and Jackson (1995): Strategic Determinant of Service Quality and performance: Evidence from the Banking Industry; management science 41(11), pp 1720 – 1733 Soteriou, A. (1999): â€Å"Operations Quality and Profitability in the Provision of Banking Services. † Management Science 49(9), pp. 1221 – 1238. TABLE 1 AVERAGE RESPONSES OF RESPONDENTS |FIN INSTI |WAITIME |Gcompt |gsvc |OSATIS |ITIMPACT |TOTAL |ITLEVEL | |1 |5 |4 |4 |3 |3. |19. 6 |39. 2 | |2 |3. 6 |4 |4 |3. 6 |5 |20. 2 |4 | |3 |3 |3 |3. 6 |4 |4 |17. 6 |3 | |4 |5 |3. 6 |3. 6 |4 |5 |21. 2 |3. 6 | |5 |5 |4 |4 |3. 6 |4. 3 |20. |4 | |6 |3. 6 |5 |4. 3 |4. 3 |4 |21. 2 |3. 3 | |7 |4 |3. 6 |5 |5 |4. 3 |21. 9 |5 | |8 |3 |4 |4 |4. 3 |4 |19. 3 |4 | |9 |3. 6 |5 |4 |4 |4. 3 |20. |4 | |10 |5 |5 |5 |5 |4 |24 |5 | |11 |4 |4 |5 |5 |4 |22 |4 | |12 |4 |5 |5 |4 |5 |23 |5 | |13 |3 |4 |3 |4 |4 |18 |5 | |14 |3. |4 |3. 6 |3 |5 |18. 9 |4. 3 | |15 |3. 6 |4 |5 |5 |5 |22. 6 |5 | |16 |4 |3. 6 |4. 3 |4 |4 |19. 9 |3. 6 | |17 |5 |4 |4 |4 |4 |21 |4 | |18 |3. |4. 3 |4 |4. 3 |4 |20. 2 |4. 3 | |19 |4 |3. 6 |3. 6 |4 |4. 6 |19. 8 |4 | |20 |3 |3. 6 |4 |4 |5 |19. 6 |3. 6 | |21 |5 |4 |4 |4. 6 |5 |22. |3. 6 | |22 |5 |4 |4 |3. 6 |4. 3 |20. 9 |4 | |23 |4 |3 |4 |4 |4 |19 |4 | |24 |3. 6 |4 |4 |5 |4 |20. 6 |5 | The tabulated or critical value of F – using the F – table is as shown in the ANOVA table. ANOVA: Single Factor |Source of variation |SS |DF |MS |F |P-Value |F-critical | |Between Groups: |5602. 5023 |6 |933. 75038 |1452. 132 |32. 18E-137 |2. 1553035 | |Within Groups: |103. 52625 |161 |0. 6430202 | | | | |Total |5706. 285 |167 | | | | | Decision: The calculated F – value is 1452. 132. the critical F-value is 2. 15. Since the calculated F – value is greater than the tabulated F-value. Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted which implies that information technology has positive impact on customers satisfaction in Nigerian financial institution. THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT TABLE IS AS SHOWN BELOW |Column 1 |Column 2 |Column 3 |Column 4 |Column 5 |Column 6 | |Column 1 |1 | | | | | | |Column 2 |0. 116777 |1 | | | | | |Column 3 |0. 197878 |0. 369635 |1 | | | | |Column 4 |-0. 6824 |0. 130663 |0. 580463 |1 | | | |Column 5 |-0. 04909 |0. 006001 |0. 037217 |-0. 08049 |1 | | |Column 6 |-0. 09995 |0. 315265 |0. 373817 |0. 465422 |0. 128972 |1 | KEY: Column 1 – WAITIME; Column 2 – QCOMPT; Column 3 – QSVC; Column 4 – OSATIS; Column 5 – ITIMPACT, Column 6 – ITLEVEL

Video Games Why The Gender Bias Essays - Childhood, Girl, Women

Video Games: Why The Gender Bias? This Christmas, like millions of other parents, I bought my two children, a boy and a girl, a popular home video game system. I thought they could share it and when asked if this was OK with them, they replied, "Sure mom, that would be great." So, we planned on installing the little goody onto the TV in the family room, so that both kids would have an equal chance to play. So, "What then?" you may be asking is the problem. The problem arose when we went to shop for games for the system. They weren't hard to find. They were in all the local toy stores and Walmart and Kmart too! But, there weren't any for girls! I looked high and low and came up empty handed. Why was this happening? Surely, girls must want to play video games as much as boys do! Why then, aren't game manufacturers producing any video games that feature girls as the main character? On a recent trip to our local Walmart store, I found over two hundred video game titles, yes I counted, for our game system, but of these only two had female main characters. One of them was, you guessed it, Barbie! The other one was a female warrior dressed in a scantily clad leather outfit. I'm pretty sure the latter was designed for young men, and not for young girls. Surely, a big retailer, like Toys-R-Us would have more of a selection. So, off I went on my merry way only to be once again disappointed. Toys-R-Us had over 300 titles in stock for our game system and only the same two titles I found at Walmart were available there with one new addition, which was the Spice Girls CD. It's price had been reduced, so I guessed it was left over from last year when the Spice Girls used to be popular. I ended up purchasing 4 games for my kids to play. I found a few with cartoon characters as lead characters, that I felt would be appropriate for kids. I bought Rugrats, Loony Tunes, Grand Turismo (race cars), and Tetras (puzzle). All, except the puzzle game, had male characters in the lead, but at least these were rated as non-violent. After some careful research, I found that video games are a 7 billion dollar a year industry that out surpasses even the movie industry by 2 billion dollars each year ( 2 ). Mostly, these games are being sold to boys and young men. Girls currently represent only about 20 percent of the market, having been pretty much written off by important manufacturers like, Hasbro, Sony, and Sega ( 3 ). Girls have extensive buying power though, nearly 84 billion dollars annually, and over 6 million of them live in households with gaming systems ( 3 ). From ages, 6 to 10, girls play video games as much and as often as boys in that same age bracket, and one survey reports that if there were more games out there that they enjoyed, 85 percent of girls surveyed would use their gaming systems more ( 1 ). Girls don't seem to like the same kinds of games boys do. Instead of the violent, time-limited games boys go for, the girls like games that offer strong narratives, interaction, and creativity. It's not enough to simply convert or replace existing software for girls; the basic structure should be changed. A 1995 survey in Children's Software Review found only 28 of the 344 games with female characters in leading roles ( 3 ), proof that few producers have created games exclusively for girls. I believe this is largely so, due to the male dominance in the whole computer and technological industry. Males are turning out a product for other males. Then why aren't women out there designing a product girls will enjoy? Some are trying, but I have found it a catch-22 situation. Men are leading the technology industry because they are the ones inviting other males to join their ranks by making only games geared towards boys and young men. Girls are less likely to deem this area as fun and inviting and thus, turn their attention to other areas of study once college bound. Some companies are beginning to look for ways to encourage girls to get more involved in information technology. Girl Tech is one such group, in hopes of reaching 3.4 million Girl Scouts, they are sponsoring a

Communities Essay Supplement Sample

Communities Essay Supplement SampleThe Communities Essay Supplement sample is one of the best resources for teachers to use as a practice in preparing their students for taking this Essay section of the standardized test. This Sample Essay provides you with a unique opportunity to practice how to write a comprehensive analysis on various issues related to the communities where your students live.In fact, this Sample Essay can help you prepare your students for taking the final test in a couple of ways. First, it allows you to see how to deal with a variety of topics that you will be faced with on the last day of the test.You can make use of the Sample Essay in order to help you prepare yourself for the test. It teaches you how to write a comprehensive analysis in the form of a review or guide. You can then modify it according to the questions on the last day of the test.The second benefit that you can get from using the Sample Essay is the chance to get your students involved in the writing process. After all, what you do not want is to write the Analysis based on what you think your students are thinking and feeling. Instead, you want them to incorporate what they have learned about the topic so that they can think critically and work independently in order to come up with the best conclusions.In order to make use of the Sample Essay in this way, all you need to do is to review the analysis you want to write on the community area where your students live. You then need to select the Sample Essay that you want to use and write a summary of the content that you would like to present in the Analysis. You should then ask your students to write comments on the points you have written.After the students have submitted their comments, you can then collect their responses and use these comments to come up with supplementary activities that will help them deal with the topic that they have just read about. By doing this, you are able to make use of the Sample Essay as a means of sharing information with your students.The Community Essay Supplement Sample is a resource that you can use to help you prepare for the tests that you will be taking in order to help your students become well-rounded learners. The Sample Essay, with the comments that you will be collecting during the process, can help you come up with a well-rounded writing that reflects the thoughts and feelings of students who live in the communities where they live.Once you have read this Sample Essay, you will know that it is one of the best resources that you can use in preparing for the community section of the Standardized Test. This Sample Essay can help you prepare for your students as well as help you deal with the different types of issues that are sure to come up during the last day of the test.

Create and Customize Buttons With the DBNavigator

Create and Customize Buttons With the DBNavigator Ok, the DBNavigator does its job of navigating data and managing records. Unfortunately, my customers want more user-friendly experience, like custom button graphics and captions, ... This inquiry came from a Delphi developer searching for a way to enhance the power of the DBNavigator component.   The DBNavigator is a great component- it provides a VCR-like interface for navigating data and managing records in database applications. Record navigation is provided by the First, Next, Prior, and Last buttons. Record management is provided by the Edit, Post, Cancel, Delete, Insert, and Refresh buttons. In one component Delphi provides everything you need, to operate on your data. However, as the author of the e-mail inquiry also stated, the DBNavigator lacks some features like custom glyphs, button captions, and others. A More Powerful DBNavigator Many Delphi components have useful properties and methods that are marked invisible (protected) to a Delphi developer. Hopefully, to access such protected members of a component, a simple technique called the protected hack can be used. First, youll add a caption to every DBNavigator button, then youll add custom graphics, and finally, youll OnMouseUp-enable each button.   From the boring DBNavigator to either of: Standard graphics and custom captionsOnly captionsCustom graphics and custom captions Lets Rock n Roll The DBNavigator has a protected Buttons property. This member is an array of TNavButton, a descendant of TSpeedButton.   Since each button in this protected property inherits from TSpeedButton, if you get our hands on it, youll be able to work with standard TSpeedButton properties like: Caption (a string that identifies the control to the user), Glyph (the bitmap that appears on the button), Layout (determines where the image or text appears on the button)... From the DBCtrls unit (where DBNavigator is defined) you read that the protected Buttons property is declared as: Buttons: array[TNavigateBtn] of TNavButton; Where TNavButton inherits from TSpeedButton and TNavigateBtn is an enumeration, defined as : TNavigateBtn (nbFirst, nbPrior, nbNext, nbLast, nbInsert, nbDelete, nbEdit, nbPost, nbCancel, nbRefresh); Note that TNavigateBtn holds 10 values, each identifying different button on a TDBNavigator object. Now, lets see how to hack a DBNavigator: Enhanced DBNavigator​ First, set up a simple data editing Delphi form by placing at least a DBNavigator, a DBGrid, a DataSoure and a Dataset object of your choice (ADO, BDE, dbExpres, ...). Make sure all components are connected. Second, hack a DBNavigator by defining an inherited dummy class, above the Form declaration, like: type THackDBNavigator class(TDBNavigator); type TForm1 class(TForm) ... Next, to be able to display custom captions and graphics on each DBNavigator button, youll need to set up some glyphs. You can use the TImageList component and assign 10 pictures (.bmp or .ico), each representing an action of a particular button of a DBNavigator. Third, in the OnCreate event for the Form1, add a call like: procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); SetupHackedNavigator(DBNavigator1, ImageList1);end; Make sure you add the declaration of this procedure in the private part of the form declaration, like: type TForm1 class(TForm) ... privateprocedure SetupHackedNavigator(const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList); ... Fourth, add the SetupHackedNavigator procedure. The SetupHackedNavigator procedure adds custom graphics to each button and assigns a custom caption to each button. uses Buttons; //!!! dont forgetprocedure TForm1.SetupHackedNavigator (const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList);const Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (Initial, Previous, Later, Final, Add, Erase, Correct, Send, Withdraw, Revive);(* Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (First, Prior, Next, Last, Insert, Delete, Edit, Post, Cancel, Refresh); in Croatia (localized): Captions : array[TNavigateBtn] of string (Prvi, Prethodni, Slijedeci, Zadnji, Dodaj, Obrisi, Promjeni, Spremi, Odustani, Osvjezi);*)var btn : TNavigateBtn;beginfor btn : Low(TNavigateBtn) to High(TNavigateBtn) dowith THackDBNavigator(Navigator).Buttons[btn] dobegin//from the Captions const array Caption : Captions[btn]; //the number of images in the Glyph property NumGlyphs : 1; // Remove the old glyph. Glyph : nil; // Assign the custom one Glyphs.GetBitmap(Integer(btn),Glyph); // gylph above text Layout : blGlyphTop; // explained later OnMouseUp : HackNavMouseUp; end;end; (*SetupHackedNav igator*) Ok, lets explain. You iterate through all the buttons in the DBNavigator. Recall that each button is accessible from the protected Buttons array property- therefore the need for the THackDBNavigator class. Since the type of the Buttons array is TNavigateBtn, you go from the first (using the  Low  function) button to the last (using the  High  function) one. For each button, you simply remove the old glyph, assign the new one (from the Glyphs parameter), add the caption from the Captions array and mark the layout of the glyph. Note that you can control which buttons are displayed by a DBNavigator (not the hacked one) through its VisibleButtons property. Another property whose default value you may want to change is Hints- use it to supply Help Hints of your choosing for the individual navigator button. You can control the display of the Hints by editing the ShowHints property. Thats it. This is why youve picked Delphi! Gimme More! Why stop here? You know that when you click the nbNext button the datasets current position is advanced to the next record. What if you want to move, lets say, 5 records ahead if the user is holding the CTRL key while pressing the button? How about that?   The standard DBNavigator does not have the OnMouseUp event- the one that carries the Shift parameter of the TShiftState- enabling you to test for the state of the Alt, Ctrl, and Shift keys. The DBNavigator only provides the OnClick event for you to handle.   However, the THackDBNavigator can simply expose the OnMouseUp event and enable you to see the state of the control keys and even the position of the cursor above the particular button when clicked! Ctrl Click : 5 Rows Ahead To expose the OnMouseUp you simply assign your custom event handling procedure to the OnMouseUp event for the button of the hacked DBNavigator. This exactly is already done in the SetupHackedNavigator procedure:OnMouseUp : HackNavMouseUp; Now, the HackNavMouseUp procedure could look like: procedure TForm1.HackNavMouseUp (Sender:TObject; Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);const MoveBy : integer 5;beginif NOT (Sender is TNavButton) then Exit; case TNavButton(Sender).Index of nbPrior: if (ssCtrl in Shift) then TDBNavigator(TNavButton(Sender).Parent). DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(-MoveBy); nbNext: if (ssCtrl in Shift) then TDBNavigator(TNavButton(Sender).Parent). DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(MoveBy); end; end;(*HackNavMouseUp*) Note that you need to add the signature of the HackNavMouseUp procedure inside the private part of the form declaration (near the declaration of the SetupHackedNavigator procedure): type TForm1 class(TForm) ... privateprocedure SetupHackedNavigator(const Navigator : TDBNavigator; const Glyphs : TImageList); procedure HackNavMouseUp(Sender:TObject; Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer); ... Ok, lets explain, one more time. The HackNavMouseUp procedure handles the OnMouseUp event for each DBNavigator button. If the user is holding the CTRL key while clicking the nbNext button, the current record for the linked dataset is moved MoveBy (defined as constant with the value of 5) records ahead. What? Overcomplicated? Yep. You do not need to mess with all this if you only need to check the state of the control keys when the button was clicked. Heres how to do the same in the ordinary OnClick event of the ordinary DBNavigator: procedure TForm1.DBNavigator1Click(Sender: TObject; Button: TNavigateBtn); function CtrlDown : Boolean; var State : TKeyboardState; begin GetKeyboardState(State); Result : ((State[vk_Control] And 128) 0); end;const MoveBy : integer 5;begincase Button of nbPrior: if CtrlDown then DBNavigator1.DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(-MoveBy); nbNext: if CtrlDown then DBNavigator1.DataSource.DataSet.MoveBy(MoveBy); end; //caseend;(*DBNavigator2Click*) Thats All Folks And finally, the project is done.  Or you can keep going.  Heres a scenario/task/idea for you:   Lets say you want only one button to replace the nbFirst, nbPrevious, nbNext, and nbLast buttons. You can use the X, and Y parameters inside the HackNavMouseUp procedure to find the position of the cursor when the button was released. Now, to this one button (to rule them all) you can attach a picture that has 4 areas, each area is suppose to mimic one of the buttons you are replacing ... got the point?

Singer's Practical Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Singer's Practical Ethics - Term Paper Example He is strong in his convictions about the utilitarian ethics. He argues, â€Å"As far as my underlying ethical views are concerned, some of my friends and colleagues will no doubt be distressed to find the countless hours spent discussing these matters with me that have served only to reinforce my conviction, that consequentialist approach to ethics†¦.is fundamentally sound† (x). The society impacted by the materialist civilization, industrial and internet revolutions is, to some extent, responsible for the present day maladies afflicting the society, according to him and the basic values of humankind have gone haywire. Peter Singer’s concept of utilitarianism ensures the individual right and freedom to come to own conclusions, and he advises all not to be follow-the-leader type individuals. He writes, â€Å"We have to reach our own decision. The beliefs and customs we were brought up with may exercise great influence on us, but once we start to reflect upon them we can decide whether to act in accordance with them or to go against them† (6). His intended audience is the political leadership, economists, scientists, sociologists, intellectuals and who's who of the society. Animal Rights: Peter Singer is the strong supporter of animal rights. From the scientific viewpoint, he relies on speculative conclusions and absolute assumptions. He is against animal experimentation and argues for banning it totally. His arguments have something to do with his personal convictions and emotional repugnance of the whole exercise of torturing and killing animals. He equates the utility of human beings with that of animals and as such humans have no right to exercise control on the life of animals. He terms this distinction as â€Å"speceisism† and that is as bad as the practice of racism and sexism. He states that all animals feel pain and inflicting deliberate pain on them is an illegitimate action. Peter Singer clinches the issue by highlight ing the physical responses of the animals when at the receiving end of the pain, including chemical and physiological responses to pain receptors. That animal cannot reason or talk is no issue for Singer. The point is it suffers. Singer’s argument is based on the solid grounds of scientific approach and it has the element of unassailable logic. He argues that some of the animals are more intelligent than the human babies and/or mentally retarded. Ethical considerations demand that such animals need to be excluded from biomedical research. Moreover, the onus of proving that the benefits of research are in tandem with the suffering and pain imposed on the animals, vests with the scientists. Will those conducting such experiments take that responsibility? Whether similar experiments will be conducted on human infants to decide the ethical status of the relative experiments? Singer’s argument is based on the premises that animals and humans have equal rights. But the criti cs of Singer stick to their basic stand that animals are not members of the moral community and it is the duty of all concerned to act in the manner that is supportive to the moral duties for the benefit of humankind. Peter Singer is a compulsive controversy creator. Controversy and finding its solution are like alternative beats of the same heart to him. He is the greatest defender of animal rights and equates their right to exist with that right of human beings. His ideal is nothing short of

Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Antitrust Practices and Market Power - Essay Example By pairing the two together, every Windows user had a copy of the internet explorer which led to Microsoft’s victory in the market. It was clear that bundling them together had restricted the access for other browsers in the market that had to be bought. It is alleged that Microsoft used its monopoly power to favor the internet explorer over the other web browsers. In its defense, Microsoft said that merging its operating system and the Internet Explorer was as a result of fair competition and invention, and that would enable users to use the internet explorer for free. It was still clear whether the operating system and the Internet Explorer were two separate items or whether they were one piece. However, Microsoft maintained that it had made its operating system a bit more expensive, and thus it could not be said to be y free. The case focused on predatory strategies Microsoft had engaged in and a market barrier to entry as opposed to interoperability (Brinkley, 2000). The action by Microsoft to favor internet explorer over the rest of the browsers in the market violated the Sherman antitrust law section 1and 2 where Section one states that any contract that would cause restraint in trade among several states and thus the contract could be declared illegal. Section two, on the other hand, states that any company that will attempt to monopoli ze any part of trade shall be declared guilty of a felony punishable in a court of law (St.Olaf College, 2004). A monopoly is a company that has only one seller in the market who has absolute rights in a particular interest, and they are te only seller in the market thus have the right to fix the price. In most cases, the cost of entering into the market is very high thus causing a barrier to entry to new entrants. The monopoly fixes the price as consumers will still buy. There are monopolies owned by the government especially where the

The ideas of marriage and roles of women Essay Example for Free

The ideas of marriage and roles of women Essay The ideas of marriage and roles of women are very dosely linked. Compare the portrayal of marriage and representation of women in the three texts studied. I am going to discuss, in this essay, the ideas of marriage and the roles of women at the times the three texts were set in, I shall also talk about how these marriages and roles are similar in the texts. To compare the portrayal of marriage and representation of women the three texts that were studied Stench of Kerosene, which was a short story written by Amrita Pritam. Stench of Kerosene was about a young Sikh married woman, called Guleri, who could not bear children and how society viewed and dealt with her due to this. It is a story of how she is seen as an outcast to the family so much so that the mother then brings a new wife into the household; to try to replace the old one; this then leads Guleri to suicide. The other texts studied were a short story in epistolary form called The Three Sisters and a novel called Pride and Prejudice. These two stories were both written by Jane Austen and both have very similar storylines. The Three Sisters is about a girl called Mary who receives a proposal from a very wealthy man, Mr Watts. Mary however finds Mr Watts to be extremely disagreeable and does not know whether to marry him or not. Similarly Pride and Prejudice is about a mother, Mrs Bennet, and her struggles of getting her children married to wealthy men. They both show societys views of women and how women themselves view marriage and their roles. All three texts show a good indication of how society portrayed women at that time. Stench of Kerosene was written in 1927 and was set in a small rural village in Punjab. It was originally written in Punjabi but was only translated in the 1960s. This story was more tragic that the other two stories as one of the main characters, Guleri, commit suicide. The way that Guleri kills herself is very tragic and shocking, as she seemed like a very happy and loved character. She kills herself by soaking herself in kerosene and setting herself alit. The reason behind Pritam putting this in is because she wanted to change how society viewed and treated women. In the story the society Guleri lived in and their expectations of her were strongly to blame for the outcome of the story. In the Sikh religion both men and women are seen as equal in the religious scriptures. However although Sikh women have right within the scriptures many of the scriptures are up to individual interpretation. Most men see the women are their possessions and therefore many men see it acceptable to have more than one wife, as Manaks mother did, regardless of what their present wife may think. There are many reasons to why men may take a second wife, the most common among the Sikh community at that time was because having more than one wife would increase the wealth of a man due to the brides family giving the husband a gift when the marriage was secure. This was known as a dowry. Men also married a second wife to produce an heir if their first wife was unable as it was the case in Stench of Kerosene. The story hints that the main reason behind Guleri committing suicide and the mother wanting Manak to have a second wife was that Guleri could not have children. Manaks mother role in society then was to bring up her children well and then to find a good daughter in law who could have children and carry on the family name. She was very narrow-minded and did what society expected of her. She felt that her decision for bringing a new wife into the family was justified, as that was what society expected her to do. She had fulfilled her role and the expectation that society had put upon her and now she wanted a daughter in law who would do the same. The mother was brought up and guided by the expectations of society and she felt that if she had gone against what society had expected of her then she would have ultimately become an outcast as society would have seen it as her not fulfilling her role as a mother. Guleri on the other hand, did not see it as Manaks mother fulfilling her role, but saw her interference as a punishment for not being able to fulfil expectations put on her by society. In the Sikh religion babies are of great importance and their birth is rejoiced by the family. The birth of a baby is seen as strengthening the stability of the marriage and ensuring the continuance of the family line. If a woman in the Sikh religion is unable to have children then she is unable to inherit land or money from her husband when he dies. They are seen as outcasts as they are not able to produce an heir. This meant that bearing children was an essential role of a Sikh woman and Guleri was unable to fulfil the role she was expected to and as a result Guleri was made to feel like a complete outcast by society. A wife in the Sikh religion has two main roles they are to have children and to look after her family. Guleri could not fulfil all of her duties and was disregarded and seen as an outcast by her family and society, she was seen as damaged. The new wife probably made Guleri feel as though she was damaged goods and so she was replaced by a new and working model. When Guleri heard of the second wife she felt let down by her husband and like he had abandoned her because she could not have a child. She felt as though she was indebted to suffer for her inadequacies. She felt lonely and unloved as if she was impure and saw the only way out as death. The symbolism behind Guleris death highlights the violence of it compared to the Sikh idea of death as being like sleep. The way that Guleri chose to kill herself created a dramatic and shocking effect and was seen as primal and more painful. It symbolised how much pain emotionally that Guleri was in. When Manak heard what had happened to Guleri he was mute with pain. Manak could be seen as a coward and a fool for not being stronger and for not standing up to his mother when she told him about getting a new wife, but it can be seen as not all being Manaks fault as he was brought up traditionally. He new his role as a man and a husband that was to be a loyal husband and to find a wife who would produce an heir to the family. He was taught to respect and obey his parents. Manak wanted to retort, you are a woman; why dont you cry like one for a change! But he remained silent. However if Manak had gone against what his mother wanted then he too would have become an outcast to society for going against his elders and not fulfilling his role as a man. The new wife however was probably made to feel like an outcast by Manak, as he knew that no one could ever replace Guleri. But by his mother the new wife fit in with the family, as she got pregnant quickly. The mother said at one point that she had spent five hundred rupees on the new wife, and this was probably a lot of money in those days, which suggests that some women married for money. This is similar in Pride and Prejudice as charlotte Lucas married Mr Collins because of his money. And also in The Three Sisters, Mary chooses to marry Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. This shows that the societies these stories are in are completely materialistic. Prtiam shows that the roles of women are completely dominated by men and society. It would be correct to say that if societys beliefs had not been so enforced upon women then Manak and Guleris marriage would have survived. I believe this as Sikh women have only three main concerns in life and they are to get married and have children, to look their families well and to get their children married off to good and wealthy families. This circle would therefore be enforced on many more generations to come and the main reason being is to have children. Stench of Kerosene had political reasons for it being published. Pritam saw that society needed to be changed and this story showed why and how women felt about was a stereotypical role of a Sikh woman was. The tone in which Pritam wrote this story was very serious and is not humorous at all, unlike Pride and Prejudice. She made it a serious story as Pritam felt very strongly about how women were portrayed and how they were rejected by society if they were unable to perform the roles that were expected of them. She wrote the story as a narrative and because of this we can see how Pritam feels about certain the roles of women. She uses objects to symbolise the characters emotions. She used the flute to tell us how Manak felt about Guleri leaving. Then putting the flute to his lips, blew a strange anguished wail. He expresses how he feels through the way he plays his flute, as he is unable to say it in words. Pritam gives us a more visual and better understanding of the point that she wants to put across, by using emotive language, for example: Manak, mute with pain, could only stare and feel his own life burning out. It gives us a more realistic feeling of the story and allows us to see just how devastated Manak is. We can tell that he is completely destroyed and will never get over what Guleri did. This is put across more clearly at the end when Manaks child is born and when he holds him for the first time, he is not the happy and joyous father that one would expect but instead he, he shrieked hysterically, Take him away! He stinks of kerosene. His reaction to his new child seems as though he feel guilty and somewhat responsible about what happened to Guleri. We can tell that what to Guleri did not only affect Manak but also the whole family, as the new wife will never be loved by Manak and nor will the new child as he will always be a constant reminder to Manak of something that he could never have with Guleri and the reason for her death. He will also always be very resentful towards his mother as she took away the one person he loved in the whole world with no thought to the consequences, and most of all Manak will probably never be able to forgive himself. There was a lot of pressure on women in those days to have children if they did not have children the women would be rejected by society and most just wanted to fit in. If Guleri had tolerated Manak having a second wife and gone back to live with the family despite this she would probably have been rejected. The Three Sisters was not published until quite awhile after it was written, in 1792. This story was set in London. The Three Sisters show that marriage was one of the only concerns of women in the 18th and 19th centuries. In Jane Austens time marriage was more or less then only way out of the parental house. There was no real way for women to be on their own or to have independence in those days. There were no professional jobs open to women and the few that there were, such as being a governess, were not very highly regarded, and either did not pay well or had very poor working conditions. Pride and Prejudice and the Three Sisters show this well as both Mrs Bennet, the mother in Pride and Prejudice, and Mrs Stanhope, the mother in The Three Sisters, main concern was to get all their children married. how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. For I am determined not to let such an opportunity escape of settling one of my Daughters do advantageously. In The Three Sisters the arrangement of marriage is portrayed like prostitution, in that the way Mrs Stanhope is haggling over the price for Mary, and tries to get as much pin money for Mary from Mr Watts as she can. Remember the pin money: two hundred a year. A hundred and seventy five madam. Two hundred indeed, Sir. Said my mother. Mrs Stanhope also seems as though she is pimping her other daughter in case Mr Watt does not like or want Mary. In The Three Sisters the only factor Mrs Stanhope takes into account and uses to form her opinion of Mr Watts is how wealthy he is. In this way Mrs Stanhope and Mrs Bennet are very similar as she too forms an opinion by how wealthy a man is. A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! She is determined to have Mr Watts as part of her family as he was a good man to know. In Mrs Stanhopes opinion the reason that Mr Watts wanted to marry Mary was because he wishes to be allied to the family and the way for a man to become allied with a family was to marry one of the daughters. This applied very much in Mr Watts case he did not care which daughter he married. Mrs Stanhope also wanted to be allied to Mr Watts as he had a higher status in society than she did and if one of her daughters married him then their familys status would also go higher. This is a similar situation to Pride and Prejudice as Mrs Bennet wanted Mr Collins to be allied with the family as he was quite a wealthy man and when Mr Collins proposed to Elizabeth Mrs Bennet put a lot of pressure on her to say yes by telling Elizabeth: Yes, or I will never see her again. Mrs Stanhopes main role as a mother and in story was to have children, make sure they are taken care of well, look after their husbands and run the home. Mrs Stanhope has a lot of power in this story as she is the one who decides which daughter shall get married and to whom. She could force one of her daughters to get married and they could not say no as it would be disrespectful to their mother. She exercises her power over her daughters when Mary is still trying to make up her mind over marry Mr Watts, by telling Mary that if she does not marry Mr Watts then Georgiana must. Mary is shown as I very materialistic and indecisive young girl. She marries Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. In letter one Mary tells us that she says Mr Watts is: He is extremely disagreeable and I hate him more than any body else in the world. Mary chooses to marry Mr Watts as sees it as a way of getting a higher status in society than the rest of her family. Which shows that she is similar to Lydia in Pride and Prejudice, as it seems as though she only married Mr Wickham to get a higher status than her family. Mrs Stanhope could easily push Mary into marring Mr Watts as Mary had made it very clear that she had wanted to get married before any of her sisters. I could not bear to have either of them married before me. Marys main role in society is to look after her husband and to have children to carry on the family. This is very similar to the society and the expectation of women in Stench of Kerosene. It is very clear that Mary has a one-track mind in that she is very unidealistic and feels as though Mr Watts should be grateful that she has accepted his proposal. She does not believe in marrying for love and thinks that if one of the couple loves the other then there is no need for the other to love them back. when there is so much love on one side, there is no occasion for it on the other. The Three Sisters is serious, formal and shows a harsher portrayal of women. However it is quite humorous in places compared to Stench of Kerosene. It was written when Austen was only a teenager when she wrote it and she was probably entering the marriage market herself. The characters in the story were probably someone that Austen could relate to as she herself was a teenager and was having similar problems as her characters were. Austen could relate to her characters and she often hid her views and thoughts behind her characters humour and fictional style writing. The story was quite controversial as it told us what women were like and how they really felt about issues then, but society was not interested about these things. Society looked down on anyone that was seen to speak up for women and were thought of and seen as abnormal, and their name and reputation was often destroyed. Austen wrote the story in a letter form as it allows us to see the reaction of characters better as it is they who are describing how they feel and what they think. It also allows us to get to know the characters better however not as well as in Pride and Prejudice. The main difference between these two stories is that Pride and Prejudice focuss more the reasons for getting married and the consequences of actions that women took. `Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813 and was set in Longbourne in Hertfordshire. Mrs Bennet is a stereotypical middle class woman in those days. She is materialistic, over dramatic and a gossip. These characteristics are portrayed in an exaggerated way. When we first meet Mrs Bennet we can see that she is a gossip. My dear, you must know, Mrs long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from north of England; Mrs Bennet appears to be a similar character to Mrs Stanhope, all she wants is for all her daughters to be married and taken care of. Her main role is to take care of her family and make she that her children get married. In Pride and Prejudice the men hold most of the power and this is shown many occasions in the Bennet household by Mr Bennet. An unhappy alterative is before you, Elizabeth. From this you must be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do. It is clear that Mr Bennet did not marry Mrs Bennet for love. We can assume that Mr Bennet probably only proposed to Mrs Bennet because as a young lady she was very pretty and that he probably never knew what she was like. He puts up with by not taking her seriously. Because of the way that Mr Bennet treats his wife their children have grown up not taking their mother seriously and not having much respect for her. This shows most of all in Elizabeth by the way she acts around her mother. Elizabeth is strong minded and a very opinionative young lady. She is also her fathers favourite daughter and often gives him advice, which he rarely takes. Elizabeth does not believe in getting married for love and does not think she would get married. Lydia on the other hand was exactly like her mother. She was emotional, immature, she does not think but acts on impulses, which nearly brings her to ruins. Lydia would cross all the boundaries and broke all the codes that society had set for women, this was shown when Lydia runs off with Mr Wickham and she does not think of the affect it would have on her family or the distress it may cause them. As it was not expectable behaviour to run off and elope. Society looked down on it and it suggested that she had bad upbringing as she was disrespecting her parents by eloping. However in those days it was very important for a woman to get married, as that is what society expected of them. Unmarried women were a great burden to their families as they would have to live with their families or with family approved protectors, as it was unheard of for an unmarried woman to live by herself. Jane Austen, herself was a dependant as she was unmarried and was forced to live with relatives. Mary in Pride and Prejudice knew she would not get married as she was not as pretty as her other sisters so she concentrated on music and learning. Marriage to women then was not all about getting away from their parents but was one of the only ways in which women could gain financial security. By marring, women were entitled to an allotment of money each year, called pin money. This money was to be spent as she wished but not for household necessities. However an unmarried woman would and could only inherit money form her family if she had no brothers as they lived on a patriarchy society, in which men hold the power and women were largely excluded from. In Pride and Prejudice and The Three Sisters, they both seem to be set in a patriarchy society as the men hold the power in both the stories. However in Stench of Kerosene the mother holds the most power in the story, which is unusual. The women that Austen wrote about were showed as foolish, materialistic, gossips and were only concerned about how other familys saw them and who the would get married to. These characteristics are different to the way that Pritam portrays women in her story she shows them as innocent, loving, obedient, and respectful to their family and husband, as Guleri shows when she fell in love with Manak. If you want me go and ask my father for my hand. Pride and Prejudice was more humorous than The Three Sisters was, it took a more satirical approach rather than political one to get its points across. Austen blamed the traditions of society through the humour of her characters. All three stories allow us to see that the roles of women have been the same over the centuries and that they are not changing very much in a hurry. They allow us to that men have always held a very powerful role in the home and the way in which a woman is brought is depending on how society expects them to act. Society have always judged women and enforced their rules and boundaries upon them. If those rules are broken they are looked down upon and would be ultimately be outcast them.